Metabolites of glycolytic metabolism have been identified as signaling molecules and
regulators of gene expression, in addition to their basic function as major energy and …

Through the successes of checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy,
immunotherapy has become an established treatment modality for cancer. Cellular …

Natural killer (NK) cells have crucial roles in the innate immunosurveillance of cancer and
viral infections. They are 'first responders' that can spontaneously recognize abnormal cells …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell
population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of some …

Tumor cells must generate sufficient ATP and biosynthetic precursors in order to maintain
cell proliferation requirements. Otto Warburg showed that tumor cells uptake high amounts …

Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia …

Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between
cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular …

Immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming are two fundamental hallmarks of cancer.
Interestingly, lactate closely links them together. However, lactate has long been recognized …

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of programed cell death caused by the
metabolically regulated lipid peroxidation and holds promise for cancer treatment, but its …

Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour
survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer …