Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the
theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry …

Chirality or handedness distinguishes an object from its mirror images, such as the spread
thumb, index finger, and middle finger of the right and left hand. In mathematics, it is …

Spin-based logic architectures provide nonvolatile data retention, near-zero leakage, and
scalability, extending the technology roadmap beyond complementary metal–oxide …

Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become
a general trend in multiple disciplines, including electronics, photonics, plasmonics and …

Spintronics is one of the emerging research fields in nanotechnology and has been growing
very rapidly. Studies of spintronics were started after the discovery of giant …

Magnonics is a young field of research and technology emerging at the interfaces between
the study of spin dynamics, on the one hand, and a number of other fields of nanoscale …

Magnetism is a very fascinating and dynamic field. Especially in the last 30 years, there have
been many major advances in a range of areas from novel fundamental phenomena to new …

Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently these were considered separately. In
classical electronics, charges are moved by electric fields to transmit information and are …

“Spintronics,” in which both the spin and charge of electrons are used for logic and memory
operations, promises an alternate route to traditional semiconductor electronics. A complete …

We have produced a stretchable form of silicon that consists of submicrometer single-crystal
elements structured into shapes with microscale, periodic, wavelike geometries. When …