Organismal solutions to natural challenges can spark creative engineering applications.
However, most engineers are not experts in organismal biology, creating a potential barrier …

ABSTRACT A viper injecting venom into a target, a mantis shrimp harpooning a fish, a
cactus dispersing itself via spines attaching to passing mammals; all these are examples of …

The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much …

The Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles offers" one-stop shop**" to all biologists,
biochemists, toxicologists, physicians, clinicians, and epidemiologists, and informed …

Snakes are a diverse group of squamate reptiles characterized by a unique feeding system
and other traits associated with elongation and limblessness. Despite the description of …

In this paper we review the many factors that can influence the quantity of venom snakes
expend when feeding or defending themselves. In addition to data from prior studies, we …

Somatostatin (SS) is a peptide hormone with diverse physiological roles. By investigating a
deep-water clade of fish-hunting cone snails, we show that predator-prey evolution has …

The selection pressures that arise from capturing prey and avoiding predators are some of
the strongest biotic forces sha** animal form and function. Examining how performance …

Background Many snakes are low-energy predators that use crypsis to ambush their prey.
Most of these species feed very infrequently, are sensitive to the presence of larger …

Since statement that the vast majority of phobias are about objects essential to the survival
of a species, a multitude of laboratory studies followed, supporting the finding that humans …