Forests play critical roles in global ecosystem processes and provide numerous services to
society. But forests are increasingly affected by a variety of human influences, especially …

We compared the recruitment of phytophagous arthropod pests onto exotic conifers
introduced in Europe without any congeners with that of exotic conifers that have native …

Ants are important components of most soil invertebrate communities, and can affect the flow
of energy, nutrients and water through many terrestrial ecosystems. The vast majority of ant …

Several forest non-native pests and pathogens that are among the most frequently cited
invasive species worldwide represent serious economic and conservation concerns for the …

Introduced tree species have become increasingly important in the context of the ongoing
climate change. This paper focuses on the dendrochronology of the most widespread …

The problem of biological invasions is largely an inadvertent result of globalization. Global
trade and human travel have resulted in the accidental movement of organisms across …

Ant–aphid mutualisms, in which ants tend aphids, which in turn provide honeydew to the
ants, are widespread and have been shown to affect plant growth. In boreal forests the effect …

Sitka spruce is prone to windthrow on certain soil types, particularly in established
plantations in the United Kingdom2, while elsewhere in Europe it has been shown to be …

Green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker), is a serious defoliator of Sitka spruce
(Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). In a field experiment in Hafren Forest, mid-Wales, different …

Partial defoliation of spruce by the green spruce aphid Elatobium abietinum (Walker) is a
recurrent event in European and, increasingly, North American forests. The patterns of insect …