Straddling the traditional realms of the planets and the stars, objects below the edge of the
main sequence have such unique properties, and are being discovered in such quantities …

▪ Abstract As progressively cooler stellar and substellar objects are discovered, the presence
first of molecules and then of condensed particulates greatly complicates the understanding …

We present final Spitzer trigonometric parallaxes for 361 L, T, and Y dwarfs. We combine
these with prior studies to build a list of 525 known L, T, and Y dwarfs within 20 pc of the …

We combine optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectra and photometry to construct
expanded spectral energy distributions for 145 field age (> 500 Myr) and 53 young (lower …

SOLAR flares are thought to be the result of magnetic reconnection—the merging of
antiparallel magnetic fields and the consequent release of magnetic energy. Flares are …

As brown dwarfs cool, a variety of species condense in their atmospheres, forming clouds.
Iron and silicate clouds shape the emergent spectra of L dwarfs, but these clouds dissipate …

We present opacity sampling model atmospheres, synthetic spectra, and colors for brown
dwarfs and very low mass stars in the following two limiting cases of dust grain formation:(1) …

Context. Hot Jupiters exhibit atmospheric temperatures ranging from hundreds to thousands
of Kelvin. Because of their large day-night temperature differences, condensable species …

Abstract Before the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) began, only six objects were known
with spectral types later than M9. 5 V. In the first 371 deg 2 of actual 2MASS survey data, we …

We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.),
89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer …