CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in immunity in health and disease. While much is
known about the effector function of Th cells in combating pathogens and promoting …

Appearance of alveolar protein-rich edema is an early event in the development of acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar edema in ARDS results from a significant …

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid metabolite that exerts its actions
by engaging 5 G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-S1PR5). S1P receptors are involved in …

Skin injuries and chronic non-healing wounds are one of the major global burdens on the
healthcare systems worldwide due to their difficult-to-treat nature, associated co-morbidities …

The retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor interphase is renewed each day in a stunning
display of cellular interdependence. While photoreceptors use photosensitive pigments to …

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a natural defense mechanism hel** to
restore oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected brain tissue following an ischemic stroke …

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is a family of cells including progenitors,
circulating blood monocytes, resident tissue macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) present …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS
that causes disability in young adults as a result of the irreversible accumulation of …