The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the generation and regulation of emotion.
However, we lack an integrative framework for understanding how different emotion-related …

Debates over the function (s) of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) have persisted for
decades. So too have demonstrations of the region's association with cognitive control …

The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy
to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research …

In this paper, we integrate recent theoretical and empirical developments in predictive
coding and active inference accounts of interoception (including the Embodied Predictive …

The amount of mental effort we invest in a task is influenced by the reward we can expect if
we perform that task well. However, some of the rewards that have the greatest potential for …

Historically, the thalamus has been viewed as little more than a relay, simply transferring
information to key players of the cast, the cortex and hippocampus, without providing any …

In spite of its familiar phenomenology, the mechanistic basis for mental effort remains poorly
understood. Although most researchers agree that mental effort is aversive and stems from …

Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties—action
errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events—and they lead to …

The assessment and prediction of cognitive performance is a key issue for any discipline
concerned with human operators in the context of safety-critical behavior. Most of the …

Coordinated interactions between the central and autonomic nervous systems are crucial for
survival due to the inherent propensity for human behavior to make errors. In our ever …