Reduction and oxidation reactions are essential for biochemical processes. They are part of
metabolic pathways and signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as second …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of dementia. Abnormal amyloidogenic event-
mediated degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cognitive centers of the brain has been …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3), consisting of GSK3α and GSK3β subtypes, is
a complex protein kinase that regulates numerous substrates. Research has observed …

The mechanism behind the onset of depression has been the focus of current research in
the neuroscience field. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a key player in regulating …

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a widespread endocrine disorder
characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, can cause nerve damage and increase the risk of …

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), as the most common, chronic and progressive
vascular disease on the brain, is a serious neurological disease, whose pathogenesis …

The traits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include amyloid plaques made of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42,
and neurofibrillary tangles by the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. AD is a complex …

Aluminum (Al) is known to induce neurotoxic effects, potentially contributing to Alzheimer's
disease (AD) pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic modification may …

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and
Huntington's disease, pose significant health challenges and economic burdens worldwide …

Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been recognized as an essential contributor to
neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. In the last decade …