For an optimal control problem, one seeks to optimize a performance measure subject to a
set of dynamic, and possibly algebraic, constraints. The dynamic constraints may be …

In this paper, a numerical method is developed for solving a class of delay fractional optimal
control problems involving nonlinear time-delay systems and subject to state inequality …

This paper considers a dynamic optimization problem for a class of switched systems
characterized by two key attributes:(i) the switching mechanism is invoked automatically …

In this paper, a hybrid-intelligent real-time optimal control approach based on deep neural
networks (DNNs) is proposed to improve the autonomy and intelligence of automatic guided …

The control parameterization method used together with the time-scaling transformation is
an effective approach to approximating optimal control problems into optimal parameter …

This paper introduces an efficient direct approach for solving delay fractional optimal control
problems. The concepts of the fractional integral and the fractional derivative are considered …

We aim to introduce a new spectral collocation method for investigating and analyzing
nonlinear delay control systems governed by the fractional mixed Volterra–Fredholm …

Control parameterization technique is an effective method to solve optimal control problems.
It works by approximating the control function by piece-wise constant (or linear) function. In …

In this paper, we consider an optimal control problem whose dynamic system consists of
control-dependent time-delayed arguments in the control and discrete time-delayed …

This paper deals with the numerical investigation of nonlinear optimal control problems with
multiple delays in which the state trajectory and control input are subject to mixed state …