Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a
severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher …

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can
stimulate plant growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some PGPR are …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Abiotic stresses are the most significant factors reducing agricultural productivity. Plants face
extreme environmental conditions that may affect their biological mechanisms, thereby …

The impact of heavy metal presence in soil on cereal crops is a growing concern, posing
significant challenges to global food security and environmental sustainability. Cereal crops …

Among the plant nutrients, potassium (K) is one of the vital elements required for plant
growth and physiology. Potassium is not only a constituent of the plant structure but it also …

Environmental pollution from hazardous waste materials, organic pollutants and heavy
metals, has adversely affected the natural ecosystem to the detriment of man. These …