The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT 2 receptor (AT 2 R) has evolved
from a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the …

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a cluster of closely related risk factors,
including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, and low high …

Over the past 5 years our understanding of the seminal role of hypertension (HTN) in the
pathogenesis of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) has evolved significantly (1). In …

This paper presents the 12th update of the human obesity gene map, which incorporates
published results up to the end of October 2005. Evidence from single‐gene mutation …

When caloric intake exceeds caloric expenditure, the positive caloric balance and storage of
energy in adipose tissue often causes adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral adipose tissue …

Low birth weight serves as a crude proxy for impaired growth during fetal life and indicates a
failure for the fetus to achieve its full growth potential. Low birth weight can occur in …

The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is classically known for its role in regulation of blood
pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance. Recently, several local RASs in organs such as …

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity concomitant with other
metabolic abnormalities such as hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein …

Diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome are becoming leading causes of death in the
world. Identifying the etiology of diabetes is key to prevention. Despite the similarity in their …