Abstract The PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of
signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis …

Over the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary
medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been …

Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration …

Purpose Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease.
The α-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, the pathologic …

Polygonatum sibiricum, a well‐known life‐prolonging tonic in Chinese medicine, has been
widely used for nourishing nerves in the orient, but the underlying molecular mechanisms …

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), such as constipation, sleep
disorders, and olfactory deficits, may emerge up to 20 years earlier than motor symptoms. A …

The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB has been studied
in the context of mood disorders and their treatments for a couple of decades …

An increasing number of studies have provided evidence for the hypothesis that the
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) may derive from the gut. Firstly, Lewy pathology …

PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of
rapamycin) signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway mediated by …

Preclinical models for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) need to recapitulate several
essential clinical features associated with mTBI, including a lack of significant …