Dry eye disease (DED), keratoconjunctivitis sicca or dysfunctional tear syndrome, is the most
prevalent ophthalmic disease which affects a substantial segment of people worldwide with …

Voltage-gated calcium channels couple depolarization of the cell-surface membrane to entry
of calcium, which triggers secretion, contraction, neurotransmission, gene expression, and …

Injury to or disease of the nervous system can invoke chronic and sometimes intractable
neuropathic pain. Many parallel, interdependent, and time-dependent processes, including …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this
review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their …

The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel known
for its sensitivity to pungent vanilloid compound (ie capsaicin) and noxious stimuli, including …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are important regulators of brain, heart and muscle
functions, and their dysfunction can give rise to pathophysiological conditions ranging from …

The transmission and processing of pain signals relies critically on the activities of ion
channels that are expressed in afferent pain fibers. This includes voltage-gated channels, as …

Inflammation and pain are intertwined responses to injury, infection, or chronic diseases.
While acute inflammation is essential in determining pain resolution and opioid analgesia …

Chronic pain is a global problem that has reached epidemic proportions. An estimated 20%
of adults suffer from pain, and another 10% are diagnosed with chronic pain each year …

Treating pain is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease
management. The isolation of morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential …