Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in
determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the …

Inorganic scaling caused by precipitation of sparingly soluble salts at supersaturation is a
common but critical issue, limiting the efficiency of membrane-based desalination and brine …

Nucleation and growth are two important and entwined processes in materials synthesis and
engineering. While understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the processes remain …

Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control
precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid …

The nucleation of crystals in liquids is one of nature's most ubiquitous phenomena, playing
an important role in areas such as climate change and the production of drugs. As the early …

BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence challenge the traditional interpretations of how
crystals nucleate and grow in synthetic and natural systems. In contrast to the monomer-by …

Mineralisation of calcium phosphates in bone has been proposed to proceed via an initial
amorphous precursor phase which transforms into nanocrystalline, carbonated …

Understanding the crystallization of cement-binding phases, from basic units to macroscopic
structures, can enhance cement performance, reduce clinker use, and lower CO2 emissions …

Fish scale is a unique natural biomaterial mainly composed of type I collagen and
hydroxyapatite. The highly ordered hierarchical microstructures and composition of fish …

Despite its importance in many industrial, geological and biological processes, the
mechanism of crystallization from supersaturated solutions remains a matter of debate …