Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant
tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic
development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated …

The tumour-associated microbiota is an intrinsic component of the tumour microenvironment
across human cancer types,. Intratumoral host–microbiota studies have so far largely relied …

The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by
uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including …

The process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for embryonic
morphogenesis. Cells undergoing it lose epithelial characteristics and integrity, acquire …

Cancer cell identity and plasticity are required in transition states, such as epithelial–
mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), in primary …

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated
their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and …

Cell plasticity represents the ability of cells to be reprogrammed and to change their fate and
identity, enabling homeostasis restoration and tissue regeneration following damage. Cell …

Epithelial stem cells serve critical physiological functions in the generation, maintenance
and repair of diverse tissues through their ability to self-renew and spawn more specialized …