Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, algae and fungi, colonize natural building
stones. Bacteria are among the most relevant colonizers, as they impact substrates in …

As known, exposure of any material to outdoor natural weathering, which has varied
changes in temperature, relative humidity, percentage of sunny/cloudy, precipitation, CO 2 …

Stone deterioration is a non-linear process that is difficult to observe in a short period. The
current study documents surface changes related to material loss using terrestrial laser …

This study focuses on the characterization of black crusts collected from the Monza cathedral
located in the homonymous city (N Italy), a hot spot from the point of view of the atmospheric …

Interactions between the environment and the building stones lead to their alteration,
besides water and air pollution play an important role. The link between air pollutants such …

This work presents a review of recent publications, with publication date between 2017 and
2019, with information on the relation between rock characteristics and the effects of diverse …

Twenty-seven samples of black weathering crust and host carbonates were studied from
seven European countries (Germany, Hungary, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy and …

Air pollution is one of the main actors of stone deterioration. It influences not only the
material itself but also prokaryotes colonizing rocks. Prokaryotes can affect rock substrates …

Black crusts (BCs) are one of the most critical alteration forms found on stones belonging to
architectural heritage. Since they could be considered as passive samplers of atmospheric …

This paper focuses on the effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of a
porous limestone that is widely used as dimension stone in Hungary. The changes in …