Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization.
However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory …

Multiple vaccines have recently been developed, and almost all the countries are presently
vaccinating their population to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the COVID-19 …

The development and deployment of vaccines against COVID-19 demonstrated major
successes in providing immunity and preventing severe disease and death. Yet SARS-CoV …

In early 2020, a global emergency was upon us in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID‐19) pandemic. While horrific in its health, social and economic devastation, one …

Several vaccine candidates for COVID-19 have been developed, and few vaccines received
emergency approval with an acceptable level of efficacy and safety. We herein report the …

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has resulted in a pandemic
with millions of deaths. To eradicate SARS-CoV-2 and prevent further infections, many …

Most COVID-19 cases are mild or asymptomatic and recover well, suggesting that effective
immune responses ensue, which successfully eliminate SARS-CoV-2 viruses. However, a …

A series of recombinant human type 5 adenoviruses that express the full-length or
membrane-truncated spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 (AdCoV2-S or AdCoV2-SdTM …

Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group of viruses
has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle. Modification or deletion …

Background Omicron sub-variants breakthrough infections (BTIs) have led to millions of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases worldwide. The acute-phase immune status is …