Global change may substantially affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning but little is
known about its effects on essential biotic interactions. Since different environmental drivers …

Many plants interact with carnivores as an indirect defence against herbivores. The release
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the secretion of extrafloral nectar (EFN) are …

The orchid family is renowned for its enormous diversity of pollination mechanisms and
unusually high occurrence of non-rewarding flowers compared to other plant families. The …

Nectar is the most important reward offered by plants to pollinating animals. This book is a
modern and interdisciplinary text on nectar and nectaries, prompted by the expansion of …

It has been known for centuries that floral and extra-floral nectar secreted by plants attracts
and rewards animals. Extra-floral nectar is involved in so-called indirect defense by …

Field techniques for sampling and measuring the standing crop and secretion rate of nectar
are described, in order to clarify some discrepancies and omissions in existing reviews of …

One common class of ant‐plant mutualism involves ants that defend plants from natural
enemies in return for food and sometimes shelter. Studies of these interactions have played …

Floral nectar production is central to plant pollination, and hence to human wellbeing. As
floral nectar is essentially a solution in water of various sugars, it is likely a valuable plant …

Nectar secretion is complicated to study from the ultrastructural point of view because it is a
dynamic process involving many tissues simultaneously. dures, although this problem can …

The global population is projected to increase by 3.3 billion from 6.7 billion in 2008 to 10
billion in 2100. As a result, soil degradation and desertification are growing due to the …