Influenza A viruses have caused more documented global pandemics in human history than
any other pathogen,. High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to the H5N1 …

Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease recognized as the most important
orthopoxvirus infection in humans in the smallpox post-eradication era. The clinical …

There is a continuing debate on relative benefits of various mitigation and suppression
strategies aimed to control the spread of COVID-19. Here we report the results of agent …

Rebecca Grant et al. 91–99%) among individuals vaccinated against smallpox and
26%(95% CI: 18–35%) among individuals unvaccinated against smallpox, 10 which …

The global health landscape has been persistently challenged by the emergence and re-
emergence of infectious diseases. Traditional epidemiological models, rooted in the early …

Some mathematical methods for formulation and numerical simulation of stochastic
epidemic models are presented. Specifically, models are formulated for continuous-time …

Most pandemics—eg, HIV/AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, pandemic influenza—
originate in animals, are caused by viruses, and are driven to emerge by ecological …

Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

A massive number of microorganisms, belonging to different species, continuously divide
inside the guts of animals and humans. The large size of these communities and their rapid …

In recent weeks, several new strains of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19,
have emerged. These variants have evolved an increased transmission rate compared to …