Through a widespread efferent projection system, the locus coeruleus–noradrenergic
system supplies norepinephrine throughout the central nervous system. Initial studies …

A novel mechanism for regulating dopamine activity in subcortical sites and its possible
relevance to schizophrenia is proposed. This hypothesis is based on the regulation of …

Microdialysis was used to assess extracellular dopamine in striatum, nucleus accumbens,
and medial frontal cortex of unanesthetized rats both under resting conditions and in …

Human idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder
that is primarily characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the …

Lesions with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) have provided an important tool
to study dopamine neurons in the brain. The most common version of such lesions is the …

Basal extracellular glutamate sampled in vivo is present in micromolar concentrations in the
extracellular space outside the synaptic cleft, and neither the origin nor the function of this …

The blood–brain barrier and a blood–cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) barrier function together to
isolate the brain from circulating drugs, toxins, and xenobiotics. The blood–CSF drug …

Parkinson's disease is associated with degeneration of the dopaminergic component of the
nigrostriatal pathway. However, the neurological symptoms of this disorder do not emerge …

The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system supplies norepinephrine throughout the central
nervous system. State-dependent neuronal discharge activity of locus coeruleus …

A deficiency in the noradrenergic system of the brain, originating largely from cells in the
locus coeruleus (LC), is theorized to play a critical role in the progression of a family of …