This review paper focuses on investigating the effectiveness of washing pretreatment in
reducing slagging and fouling index during the combustion process of empty fruit bunches …

The present study evaluates the effect of water and acetic acid washing on the chemical
composition of spruce bark in-depth. Also, washing with steam explosion condensate (SEC) …

Pyrolysis is an emerging and effective means for sludge disposal. Biochar derived from
sludge has broad application prospects, however, is limited by heavy metals. In this study …

A novel pretreatment approach was developed in the present study to simultaneously
reduce the content of inorganic troubling elements (TEs) and improve biomass energy …

The alkali metals have limited the large-scale industrial promotion of biomass gasification
technology. The water washing pretreatment technology can effectively remove alkali metals …

This study examines the effects of washing pretreatments on the chemical characteristics of
biomass and the resultant biochar derived from empty fruit bunches (EFBs) of palm oil …

Chlorine is one of the most undesirable elements in agricultural biomass which can cause
operating problems during its thermal conversion. Even in low-temperature pyrolysis …

To investigate the differences in organics composition between leachates of biomass and
biochar, four biomass materials and the corresponding biochar are water washed. GC–MS …

To improve the efficiency and applicability of the washing pre-treatment for combustion,
pyrolysis and gasification, a modified approach was developed in the present study. Two …

Alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in agricultural organic solid waste (AOSW)
contribute to the fouling and slagging during its combustion. In this study, a novel flue gas …