Theories in the social sciences may be regarded as 'focusing devices'. Any specific theory
brings forward and exposes some aspects of the real world, leaving others in obscurity. That …

Open Innovation describes an emergent model of innovation in which firms draw on
research and development that may lie outside their own boundaries. In some cases, such …

'Globalization'is one of the key concepts of our time. It is used by both the right and the left as
the cornerstone of their analysis of the international economy and polity. In both political and …

The Open Innovation paradigm can be understood as the antithesis of the traditional vertical
integration model where internal research and development (R&D) activities lead to …

The authors have worked on innovation systems for more than a decade. This paper is an
attempt to take stock. In Section 2, we reflect upon the emergence and fairly rapid diffusion of …

Economic theory is currently at a crossroads, where many leading mainstream economists
are calling for a more realistic and practical orientation for economic science. Indeed, many …

It is almost universally accepted that technological change and other kinds of innovations
are the most important sources of productivity growth and increased material welfare—and …

The central purpose of this paper is to outline an evolutionary theory of technology policy
and to connect it with the emerging literature on national systems of innovation. Any …

Contemporary research on innovative processes makes use of a range of scales, from the
global to the regional/local. In addition, network-based approaches have introduced a …

This paper looks at the policy implications of viewing innovation as a systemic phenomenon.
The first section provides a brief overview of conceptual approaches used in the recent …