Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and increasingly prevalent degenerative disease that
affects the whole joint. The pathogenesis of OA is poorly understood and there is a lack of …

The prevalence of high-sugar diets and unhealthy habits exacerbates the production of
advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body. When AGEs excessively accumulate …

Background MiRNA-146a and miRNA-223 are key epigenetic regulators of toll-like receptor
4 (TLR4)/tumor necrosis factor-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/NOD-like receptor …

Pathological deterioration of mitochondrial function is increasingly linked with multiple
degenerative illnesses as a mediator of a wide range of neurologic and age-related chronic …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, which
affects the vision and quality of life of patients and severely impacts the society at large. DR …

Hyperglycemia is a condition with high glucose levels that may result in dyslipidemia. In
severe cases, this alteration may lead to diabetic retinopathy. Numerous drugs have been …

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a specific neuron-vascular complication of diabetes,
is a major cause of vision loss among middle-aged people worldwide, and the number of …

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease that leads to microvascular complications like
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of blindness worldwide. Current medications for …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterised by dysfunction of the retinal neurovascular unit,
leading to visual impairment and blindness. Müller cells are key components of the retinal …

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes is rapidly increasing,
particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults. Oxidative stress (OxS) has emerged …