Seismic anisotropy has been found in many regions of the Earth's interior. Its presence in the
Earth's crust has been known since the 19th century, and is due in part to the alignment of …

Seismic anisotropy is a key observational tool for map** flow in Earth's upper mantle.
However, interpreting patterns of anisotropy relies on a firm understanding of the …

Crystallographic fabrics in olivine-rich rocks provide critical information on conditions and
mechanisms of deformation as well as seismic properties of Earthʼs upper mantle. Previous …

The rheological behavior of mantle rocks determines the mechanical response of
lithospheric plates and the nature of convective flow in the deeper mantle. Geodynamic …

Water plays an important role in geological processes. Providing constraints on what may
influence the distribution of aqueous fluids is thus crucial to understanding how water …

Plate tectonics is arguably one of the most successful scientific theories in physical science,
given its predictive capacity regarding, for example, the distribution and magnitude of …

Synthetic polycrystalline ice was sheared at temperatures of− 5,− 20 and− 30∘ C, to different
shear strains, up to γ= 2.6, equivalent to a maximum stretch of 2.94 (final line length is 2.94 …

Establishment of a constitutive law from friction to high‐temperature plastic flow has long
been a challenging task for solving problems such as modeling earthquakes and plate …

Patterns of mantle flow are most directly inferred from observations of seismic anisotropy,
which is mainly caused by the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine, the …

A marked anisotropy in viscosity develops in Earth's mantle as deformation strongly aligns
the crystallographic axes of the individual grains that comprise the rocks. On the basis of …