Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life,
allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce and production, and expanding social life around …

A majority of mammalian genes exhibit daily fluctuations in expression levels, making
circadian expression rhythms the largest known regulatory network in normal physiology …

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and
commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and …

Human circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral responses to light are mediated
primarily by melanopsin-containing intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells …

At the core of human thought, for the majority of individuals in the developed nations at least,
there is the tacit assumption that as a species we are unfettered by the demands imposed by …

The autonomic nervous system influences numerous ocular functions. It does this by way of
parasympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the …

The mammalian visual system encodes information over a remarkable breadth of
spatiotemporal scales and light intensities. This performance originates with its complement …

The daily light–dark cycle is a key zeitgeber (time cue) for entraining an organism's
biological clock, whereby light sensing by retinal photoreceptors, particularly intrinsically …

Consideration is being given to the adoption of a new metric characterizing light as it affects
the human circadian system. Much has been learned over the past couple of decades about …

Circadian rhythmicity is an approximately 24-h cell-autonomous period driven by
transcription–translation feedback loops of specific genes, which are referred to as 'circadian …