By its very nature, the second law of thermodynamics is probabilistic, in that its formulation
requires a probabilistic description of the state of a system. This raises questions about the …

Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

Thermodynamics serves as a universal means for studying physical systems from an energy
perspective. In recent years, with the establishment of the field of stochastic and quantum …

Stochastic thermodynamics as reviewed here systematically provides a framework for
extending the notions of classical thermodynamics such as work, heat and entropy …

Since their invention in 1986 by Arthur Ashkin and colleagues, optical tweezers have
become an essential tool in several fields of physics, spectroscopy, biology …

We build a rigorous nonequilibrium thermodynamic description for open chemical reaction
networks of elementary reactions. Their dynamics is described by deterministic rate …

The Landauer principle states that any logically irreversible information processing must be
accompanied by dissipation into the environment. In this Letter, we investigate the heat …

Quantum Thermodynamics is a continuous dialogue between two independent theories:
Thermodynamics and Quantum Mechanics. Whenever the two theories have addressed the …

Minimizing energy dissipation has emerged as the key challenge in continuing to scale the
performance of digital computers. The question of whether there exists a fundamental lower …

We describe a minimal model of an autonomous Maxwell demon, a device that delivers
work by rectifying thermal fluctuations while simultaneously writing information to a memory …