Astrocytes are predominant glial cells that tile the central nervous system (CNS). A cardinal
feature of astrocytes is their complex and visually enchanting morphology, referred to as …

Life exists in three dimensions, but until the turn of the century most electron microscopy
methods provided only 2D image data. Recently, electron microscopy techniques capable of …

Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analysing electron
microscopic brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of …

Cells contain hundreds of organelles and macromolecular assemblies. Obtaining a
complete understanding of their intricate organization requires the nanometre-level, three …

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize
new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly …

Cellular versatility depends on accurate trafficking of diverse proteins to their organellar
destinations. For the secretory pathway (followed by approximately 30% of all proteins), the …

Metabolic coordination between neurons and astrocytes is critical for the health of the brain.
However, neuron-astrocyte coupling of lipid metabolism, particularly in response to neural …

Drosophila melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000-
neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit map**. Only …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells
through the polarized release of perforin and granzymes. Perforin is a pore-forming toxin …

INTRODUCTION Our textbook understanding of the nanoscale organization of the cell and
its relationship to the thousands of proteins that drive cellular metabolism comes largely from …