Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate
extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical …

Increasing human population, deforestation and man-made climate change are likely to
exacerbate the negative effects on freshwater ecosystems and species endangerment …

Freshwater ecosystems provide irreplaceable services for both nature and society. The
quality and quantity of freshwater affect biogeochemical processes and ecological dynamics …

Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally,
providing important societal and economic services. Infrastructure development threatens …

Appropriation of fresh water to meet human needs is growing, and competition among users
will intensify in a warmer and more crowded world. This essay explains why freshwater …

Securing water supply in the face of increasing water scarcity is one important challenge
faced by humanity in sustainable development. Inter-basin water transfer is widely applied to …

Agricultural irrigation induces greenhouse gas emissions directly from soils or indirectly
through the use of energy or construction of dams and irrigation infrastructure, while climate …

The increasing global demand for farmland products is placing unprecedented pressure on
the global agricultural system and its water resources. Many regions of the world, that are …

Regional groundwater level forecasting is critical to water resource management, especially
for arid regions which require effective management of groundwater resources to meet …

Providing affordable and nutritious food to a growing and increasingly affluent global
population requires multifaceted approaches to target supply and demand aspects. On the …