Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

Climate change refers to the long-term changes in temperature and weather due to human
activities. Increase in average global temperature and extreme and unpredictable weather …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Coral reefs worldwide are facing impacts from climate change, overfishing, habitat
destruction, and pollution. The cumulative effect of these impacts on global capacity of coral …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Plastic pollution and climate change have commonly been treated as two separate issues
and sometimes are even seen as competing. Here we present an alternative view that these …

Anthropogenic climate change and environmental degradation destroy coral reefs, the
ecosystem services they provide, and the livelihoods of close to a billion people who …

Ocean warming and acidification threaten the future growth of coral reefs. This is because
the calcifying coral reef taxa that construct the calcium carbonate frameworks and cement …