Objective To evaluate the evidence of analgesic efficacy of tramadol for the management of
postoperative pain and the presence of associated adverse events in dogs. Databases used …

Opioids are the cornerstone for the treatment of acute pain in small animal patients. This is
primarily because of their remarkable safety profile, high efficacy, and benefit of reversibility …

Tramadol is widely used to manage mild to moderately painful conditions in dogs. However,
this use is controversial, since clinical efficacy studies in dogs showed conflicting results …

Gabapentin is a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gammaaminobutyric
acid (GABA); however, it has little activity at the GABA receptors. Instead, it is thought that …

Background Orchiectomy with a vas deferens to pampiniform plexus ligation (VPL) is a novel
method, and it is unclear how its short‐term outcomes compare with the results of a …

Abstract We previously showed that (+)‐tramadol is metabolized in dog liver to (+)‐M1
exclusively by CYP 2D15 and to (+)‐M2 by multiple CYP s, but primarily CYP 2B11 …

Objective To investigate the mitigating effects of administration of local anaesthetic or
systemic meloxicam on the electroencephalographic (EEG) and cardiovascular responses …

Opioids are the prototypical analgesics, antitussives, and antidiarrheal drug class and are
used extensively in veterinary medicine. This chapter provides an overview of the history of …

We previously showed that (+)-tramadol is metabolized in dog liver to (+)-M1 exclusively by
CYP2D15 and to (+)-M2 by multiple CYPs, but primarily CYP2B11. However,(+)-M1 and (+) …

Tramadol is widely used to manage mild to moderately painful conditions in dogs. However,
this use is controversial, since clinical efficacy studies in dogs showed conflicting results …