Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of
various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Impaired
function of motile cilia causes failure of mucociliary clearance. Patients typically present with …

The core axoneme structure of both the motile cilium and sperm tail has the same
ultrastructural 9+ 2 microtubular arrangement. Thus, it can be expected that genetic defects …

A finely regulated system of airway epithelial development governs the differentiation of
motile ciliated cells of the human respiratory tract, conferring the body's mucociliary …

Sperm malformation is a direct factor for male infertility. Multiple morphological abnormalities
of the flagella (MMAF), a severe form of asthenoteratozoospermia, are characterized by …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous, motile ciliopathy,
characterized by neonatal respiratory distress, recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract …

Motile cilia and sperm flagella share an evolutionarily conserved axonemal structure. Their
structural and/or functional defects are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a heterogeneous genetic condition. European and North
American diagnostic guidelines recommend transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as one …

Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility, but its etiology remains
incompletely understood. We recruited three Pakistani infertile brothers, born to first-cousin …

Axonemal protein complexes, such as outer (ODA) and inner (IDA) dynein arms, are
responsible for the generation and regulation of flagellar and ciliary beating. Studies in …