Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules which foment
inflammation and are associated with disorders in sepsis and cancer. Thus, therapeutically …

In chronic infection, inflammation and cancer, the tissue microenvironment controls how
local immune cells behave, with tissue-resident fibroblasts emerging as a key cell type in …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting∼ 1% of the general
population. This disease is characterized by persistent articular inflammation and joint …

Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria
into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in …

Chemokines constitute a group of small, secreted proteins that regulate leukocyte migration
and contribute to their activation. Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators that play a …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a significant unmet medical need despite significant
therapeutic advances. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and includes many cell types …

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune inflammatory disease that is an oral potentially
malignant disorder (OPMD), occurs in the oral mucosa and affects approximately 0.5% to …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial joint inflammation and by
development of pathogenic humoral and cellular autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins …

Initially used as antimalarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and, to a lesser extent,
chloroquine (CQ) are currently being used to treat several diseases. Due to its cost …

Synovial tissue is a membranous non-immune organ lining joint cavities where it supports
local immune responses, and functions directly and indirectly in joint destruction due to …