State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic
surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, the requirements of …

The omnipresence of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) in biological systems is indisputable—
from the vibration of leaves to the locomotion of fish, to the flying of birds, and to the …

The mucociliary transport apparatus is critical for maintaining lung health via the coordinated
movement of cilia to clear mucus and particulates. A metachronal wave propagates across …

Comprehensive Summary As well known, cilia play an irreplaceable role in sensing and
movement of natural organisms because they can respond to external signals and generate …

Cilia are tiny hair-like structures found in living organisms. These cilia are arranged in arrays
and conduct a whip-like motion to propel the surrounding fluid. The motion of these cilia is …