Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic
Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into …

Climate warming is causing unidirectional changes to annual patterns of sea ice distribution,
structure, and freeze‐up. We summarize evidence that documents how loss of sea ice, the …

Dramatic declines in sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean in recent decades have the potential
to fundamentally alter marine ecosystems. Here we investigate changes in sea ice between …

Analyses of 32 yr (1979–2010) of Arctic sea ice extents and areas derived from satellite
passive microwave radiometers are presented for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole and …

The recent Arctic winter sea ice retreat is most pronounced in the Barents Sea. Using
available observations of the Atlantic inflow to the Barents Sea and results from a regional …

This bi‐polar analysis resolves ice edge changes on space/time scales relevant for
investigating seasonal ice‐ocean feedbacks and focuses on spatio‐temporal changes in the …

Rises in surface and lower troposphere air temperatures through the 21st century are
projected to be especially pronounced over the Arctic Ocean during the cold season. This …

From 1953 to 2006, Arctic sea ice extent at the end of the melt season in September has
declined sharply. All models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate …

A satellite‐based study was conducted to document daily changes in net primary production
(NPP) by phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean from 1998 to 2009 using fields of sea ice extent …

Loss of Arctic sea ice has accelerated recently, culminating in a 2007 summer minimum ice
extent that was 23% below the previous low. To quantify the impact of this unprecedented …