Abstract Grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) foster biodiversity, store carbon,
maintain productivity and support pastoral livelihoods. These systems are being altered by …

Earth's forests face grave challenges in the Anthropocene, including hotter droughts
increasingly associated with widespread forest die-off events. But despite the vital …

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the
most vulnerable to biodiversity loss. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment …

Recent observations of elevated tree mortality following climate extremes, like heat and
drought, raise concerns about climate change risks to global forest health. We currently lack …

Abstract China has 6.6 million km2 of drylands that support approximately 580 million
people. These drylands are at risk of desertification. In this Review, the changes observed in …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Despite the growing interest in predicting global and regional trends in vegetation
productivity in response to a changing climate, changes in water constraint on vegetation …

Evidence exists that tree mortality is accelerating in some regions of the tropics,, with
profound consequences for the future of the tropical carbon sink and the global …

Uncertainties surrounding tree carbon allocation to growth are a major limitation to
projections of forest carbon sequestration and response to climate change. The prevalence …

Degradation of ecosystems can occur when certain ecological thresholds are passed below
which ecosystem responses remain within 'safe ecological limits'. Ecosystems such as …