Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) encompasses several pathogenetic
mechanisms involving coronary microcirculation and plays a major role in determining …

Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC Guidelines fully into account when
exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of …

This consensus document, a summary of the views of an expert panel organized by the
European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), appraises the …

Ischemic heart disease still represents a large burden on individuals and health care
resources worldwide. By conventions, it is equated with atherosclerotic plaque due to flow …

In 2008, the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina
(coronary spastic angina) 1 were developed by the Japanese Circulation Society, and the …

Many patients with chest pain undergoing coronary angiography do not show significant
obstructive coronary lesions. A substantial proportion of these patients have abnormalities in …

This review takes an inclusive approach to microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
and cardiometabolic disease. In virtually every organ, dynamic interactions between the …

Originally described by Japanese authors in the 1990s, Takotsubo syndrome (TTS)
generally presents as an acute myocardial infarction characterized by severe left ventricular …

The Cardiovascular Disease in Women Committee of the American College of Cardiology,
in conjunction with interested parties (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute …

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death among women in the
United States, accounting for≈ 1 of every 3 female deaths. Sex-specific data focused on …