Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed,
even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable …

The fundamental operative unit of a cancer is the genetically and epigenetically innovative
single cell. Whether proliferating or quiescent, in the primary tumour mass or disseminated …

Importance The Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9) is a 9-item self-
administered instrument used for detecting depression and assessing severity of …

Oesophageal carcinoma affects more than 450 000 people worldwide and the incidence is
rapidly increasing. Squamous-cell carcinoma is the predominant form of oesophageal …

Cancers evolve by a reiterative process of clonal expansion, genetic diversification and
clonal selection within the adaptive landscapes of tissue ecosystems. The dynamics are …

Abstract Background Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9), a heterodimeric EF-hand Ca 2+
binding protein, are abundant in cytosol of neutrophils and are involved in inflammatory …

A vast range of disorders—from indolent to fast-growing lesions—are labelled as cancer.
Therefore, we believe that several changes should be made to the approach to cancer …

Cancer is a disease potentiated by mutations in somatic cells. Cancer mutations are not
distributed uniformly along the human genome. Instead, different human genomic regions …

Cancer genome sequencing studies have identified numerous driver genes, but the relative
timing of mutations in carcinogenesis remains unclear. The gradual progression from …

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a common condition, and is the precursor to esophageal
adenocarcinoma, a disease with increasing burden in the western world, especially in …