Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures,
which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft …

Mechanical metamaterials are engineered materials with unconventional mechanical
behavior that originates from artificially programmed microstructures along with intrinsic …

Conspectus Nature provides abundant inspiration and elegant paradigms for the
development of smart materials that can actuate, morph, and move on demand. One …

Active mechanical metamaterials (AMMs)(or smart mechanical metamaterials) that combine
the configurations of mechanical metamaterials and the active control of stimuli‐responsive …

Many creatures have the ability to traverse challenging environments by using their active
muscles with anisotropic structures as the motors in a highly coordinated fashion. However …

A variety of soft, hydrogel-like materials with sophisticated micro-and nanoengineered
ordered structures that offer excellent functionalities exist in nature. Conventional synthetic …

Many living organisms have amazing control over their color, shape, and morphology for
camouflage, communication, and even reproduction in response to interplay between …

Hydrogels, which are hydrophilic soft porous networks, are an important class of materials of
broad relevance to bioanalytical chemistry, soft‐robotics, drug delivery, and regenerative …

Recently,“smart” hydrogels with either shape memory behavior or reversible actuation have
received particular attention and have been further developed into sensors, actuators, or …

Living organisms use musculatures with spatially distributed anisotropic structures to actuate
deformations and locomotion with fascinating functions. Replicating such structural features …