Abstract Purpose Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide …

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally,
whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the …

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide. It has been associated with heart failure
(HF) given its immunoregulatory functions. In-vitro and animal models have shown …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to burden healthcare
systems worldwide. COVID-19 symptoms are highly heterogeneous, and the patient may be …

Low‐grade chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role among other pathophysiological
mechanisms involved in obesity. Innate and adaptive immune cells undergo systemic …

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common medical conditions, with approximately one
billion people having low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is associated with a pleiotropic effect …

Obesity is strongly associated with the degree of inflammation characterised by
proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Lifestyle modification …

Different components of the immune response show large variability between individuals,
but they also vary within the same individual because of host and environmental factors. In …

Aim The increased number of individuals older than 80 years, centenarians, and
supercentenarians is not a synonym for healthy aging, since severe infections …

Background Vitamin D, along with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin, is an
important hormone that affects bone and calcium metabolism. Objectives To evaluate the …