The periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in autonomic function and behavioural
responses to threatening stimuli. Recent evidence has revealed the PAG's potential …

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of death in people with
epilepsy (PWE). Postictal apnea leading to cardiac arrest is the most common sequence of …

Periaqueductal gray (PAG), an integration center for neuronal signals, is located in the
midbrain and regulates multiple physiological and pathological behaviors, including pain …

Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One
fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the …

Amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (METH) are widely abused psychostimulants,
which produce a variety of psychomotor, autonomic and neurotoxic effects. The behavioral …

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) organizes basic survival behavior, which includes
respiration. How the PAG controls respiration is not known. We studied the PAG control of …

Dyspnea, hunger for air, and urge to flee are the cardinal symptoms of panic attacks.
Patients also show baseline respiratory abnormalities and a higher rate of comorbid and …

The brainstem has long been recognized as the major respiratory control center, but it has
become increasingly appreciated that areas upstream of the brainstem modulate respiration …

Decrease of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission in the dorsomedial
hypothalamus (DMH) evokes instinctive fear-like responses. The aim of the present study …

Modulation of respiration is a prerequisite for survival of the individual and of the species.
For example, respiration has to be adjusted in case of speech, strenuous exercise, laughing …