Current tissue regenerative strategies rely mainly on tissue repair by transplantation of the
synthetic/natural implants. However, limitations of the existing strategies have increased the …

The central nervous system (CNS) is the most important section of the nervous system as it
regulates the function of various organs. Injury to the CNS causes impairment of …

Damage of hyaline cartilage species such as nasoseptal or joint cartilage requires proper
reconstruction, which remains challenging due to the low intrinsic repair capacity of this …

Three‐dimensional scaffolds like hydrogels can be employed as cell carriers for in vitro or in
vivo colonization and have become a major research topic to replace damaged tissue. In the …

Direct ink writing (DIW) is a promising extrusion-based 3D printing technology, which
employs an ink-deposition nozzle to fabricate 3D scaffold structures with customizable ink …

There are numerous available biodegradable materials that can be used as scaffolds in
regenerative medicine. Currently, there is a huge emphasis on the designing phase of the …

The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources, including bone
marrow (BM, bmMSCs), adipose tissue (atMSCs), and human term placenta (hPSCs) has …

Cartilage has limited ability to self-repair due to the absence of blood vessels and nerves.
The application of biomaterial scaffolds using biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM)-related …

In cartilage repair, scaffold‐assisted one‐step approaches are used to improve the
microfracture (Mfx) technique. Since the number of progenitors in Mfx is low and may further …

High sulfation, low cost, and the status of heparin as an already FDA-and EMA-approved
product, mean that its inclusion in tissue engineering (TE) strategies is becoming …