Reliable full-scale prediction of drag due to rough wall-bounded turbulent fluid flow remains
a challenge. Currently, the uncertainty is at least 10%, with consequences, for example, on …

Predictions of added resistance and the effective power of ships were made for varying
barnacle fouling conditions. A series of towing tests was carried out using flat plates covered …

We carry out direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow over riblets, streamwise-aligned
grooves that are designed to reduce drag by modifying the near-wall flow. Twenty riblet …

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in predicting the effect of biofouling on ship
resistance using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). For a better understanding of the …

In recent years, various biomimetic materials capable of forming gaseous plastron on their
surfaces have been fabricated and widely used in various disciplines and fields. In …

Ship fuel consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions in the service are affected by
various factors, including waves, wind, biofouling, corrosion, confined water. One of the …

Whereas streamwise effective slope (surfaces in this study can lead to diminished levels of
outer-layer similarity in both mean flow and turbulence statistics, which is attributed to …

The skewness of the roughness height distribution is one of the key topographical
parameters that govern roughness effects on wall-bounded turbulence. In this paper …

This paper presents a time-dependent biofouling growth model which enables prediction of
the effect of biofouling on ship resistance and powering for day-to-day evaluation. Initially …

This article will look into to the environmental and economic issues in the maritime sector
that arise due to biofouling. For the ship** industry, biofouling is known to increase hull …