El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent year‐to‐year climate
fluctuation on Earth, alternating between anomalously warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) …

Summary The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes climatic fluctuations in the tropics
and extratropics via atmospheric teleconnections. The anomalous Pacific sea surface …

Extremely dry conditions were experienced across most of southern Africa during the austral
summer (October–March) of 2015/2016, associated with one of the strongest observed El …

Droughts are amongst the most destructive natural disasters in the world. In large regions of
Africa, where water is a limiting factor and people strongly rely on rain-fed agriculture …

In 2016 and continuing into 2017, Kenya experienced drought conditions, with over 3 million
people in need of food aid due to low rainfall during 2016. Whenever extreme events like …

One of the world's major issues is climate change, which has a significant impact on
ecosystems, human beings, agricultural productivity, water resources, and environmental …

Spatially compounding droughts over multiple regions pose amplifying pressures on the
global food system, the reinsurance industry, and the global economy. Using observations …

Abstract The Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal mode (IOD) is an interannual phenomenon over the
tropical Indian Ocean, causing a pronounced impact worldwide. Here, we investigate the …

Abstract El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shows a large diversity of events that is
modulated by climate variability and change. The representation of this diversity in climate …

There are several important large-scale oceanic and atmospheric processes like El Niño-
Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and Indian Ocean Dipole …