The immense interindividual clinical variability during any infection is a long-standing
enigma. Inborn errors of IFN-γ and IFN-α/β immunity underlying rare infections with weakly …

Human infectious diseases are unique in that the discovery of their environmental trigger,
the microbe, was sufficient to drive the development of extraordinarily effective principles …

Understanding how human genetics influence infectious disease susceptibility offers the
opportunity for new insights into pathogenesis, potential drug targets, risk stratification …

HIV infection can be effectively treated by lifelong administration of combination antiretroviral
therapy, but an effective vaccine will likely be required to end the HIV epidemic. Although the …

Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations
within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations …

The chemokine receptor 5 (CKR5) protein serves as a secondary receptor on CD4+ T
lymphocytes for certain strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). The CKR5 …

Establishing a CD8+ T cell–mediated immune correlate of protection in HIV disease is
crucial to the development of vaccines designed to generate cell-mediated immunity …

Over the past four decades, research on the natural history of HIV infection has described
how HIV wreaks havoc on human immunity and causes AIDS. HIV host genomic research …

Natural killer (NK) cells provide defense in the early stages of the innate immune response
against viral infections by producing cytokines and causing cytotoxicity 1. The killer …

HIV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to elude immune control. The view of virus as
classifiable into distinct subtypes needs to reflect the reality of the constant emergence of …