Objective: Low back pain affects many individuals. It has profound effects on well-being and
is often the cause of significant physical and psychological health impairments. Low back …

Introduction Prevention and treatment of pain in pediatric patients compared with adults is
often not only inadequate but also less often implemented the younger the children are …

Objective We aimed to review the literature regarding epidemiology of functional abdominal
pain disorders in children and to assess its geographic, gender and age distribution …

Chronic and recurrent pain not associated with a disease is very common in childhood and
adolescence, but studies of pain prevalence have yielded inconsistent findings. This …

Pain that recurs or persists is unfortunately a common experience for children. One of the
unique considerations in pediatric chronic pain management is the bidirectional influences …

Primary pain disorders (formerly “functional pain syndromes”) are common, under-
diagnosed and under-treated in children and teenagers. This manuscript reviews key …

Background Prognosis research aims to identify factors associated with the course of health
conditions. It is often challenging to judge the overall quality of research evidence in …

Background This is the second update of a Cochrane Review (Issue 4, 2006). Pain and
distress from needle‐related procedures are common during childhood and can be reduced …

Persistent pain interfering with daily activities is common. Chronic pain has been defined in
many ways. Chronic pain syndrome is a separate entity from chronic pain. Chronic pain is …

Background This is an update of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1,
2003, and previously updated in 2009, 2012 and 2014. Chronic pain, defined as pain that …