Fluorescent proteins (FPs) from the GFP family have become indispensable as marker tools
for imaging live cells, tissues and entire organisms. A wide variety of these proteins have …

A brief personal perspective is provided for green fluorescent protein (GFP), covering the
period 1994–2011. The topics discussed are primarily those in which my research group …

The proton transfer mechanism between aqueous Brønsted acids and bases, forming an
encounter pair, has been studied in real time with ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. The …

Catalysis enables many aspects of modern life, including fuels, products, plastics, and
medicines. Recent advances in catalysis have enabled us to realize higher efficiencies and …

The green fluorescent protein is a key technology in bioimaging. In this critical review, we
consider how its various applications can be tailored from knowledge of the excited state …

It has long been appreciated that green fluorescent protein (GFP) autocatalytically forms its
chromophore in a host-independent process; several of the initial steps in the reaction have …

A structural isomer of the core chromophore (p-HBDI) in green fluorescence protein, o-HBDI,
is synthesized. o-HBDI possesses a seven-membered-ring hydrogen bond, from which the …

We characterize the structural and electronic changes during the photoinduced enol–keto
tautomerization of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazole (HBT) in a nonpolar solvent …

Initiated by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction, an overall reaction
cycle of 4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1, 2-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-5 (4 H)-one (o-HBDI), an …

The versatile functions of fluorescent proteins (FPs) as fluorescence biomarkers depend on
their intrinsic chromophores interacting with the protein environment. Besides X-ray …