Many exploited fish and macroinvertebrates that utilize the coastal zone have declined, and
the causes of these declines, apart from overfishing, remain largely unresolved. Degradation …

Elevations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are anticipated to acidify oceans because
of fundamental changes in ocean chemistry created by CO2 absorption from the …

Since the 1960's, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has been introduced for mariculture at
several locations within NW Europe. The oyster established itself everywhere and expanded …

Restoration projects are underway internationally in response to global declines in shellfish
beds. As diverse biological assemblages underpin a variety of ecosystem services …

A great diversity of organisms modify the physical structure of estuarine and coastal
environments. These physical ecosystem engineers–particularly, dune and marsh plants …

Since the first edition was published, a second invasive dreissenid, the quagga mussel, has
become established in the western US and is rapidly spreading. This book provides the first …

Coastal sediments in sheltered temperate locations are strongly modified by ecosystem
engineering species such as marsh plants, seagrass, and algae as well as by epibenthic …

Restoration is becoming an increasingly common management tool to aid in recovering
degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems. Develo** and adopting best practices are …

In the light of the introduction of thousands of large offshore wind power foundations into the
North Sea within the next decades, this manuscript focuses on the biofouling processes and …

An increasing body of research has demonstrated the often idiosyncratic responses of
organisms to climate‐related factors, such as increases in air, sea and land surface …