Studies of rates, processes and modes of rock surface, and near-surface, deterioration, and
also hardening, are central to rock weathering and building stone research, conservation …

Planetary defense efforts rely on estimates of the mechanical properties of asteroids, which
are difficult to constrain accurately from Earth. The mechanical properties of asteroid …

Rock weathering is a key component of the rock cycle that transforms rocks in sediments,
soils and/or dissolves minerals to ions, and plays an important role in landforms …

Outcrops of granitic rocks cover a large proportion of the Earth's surface and host a range of
spectacular landforms and landscapes, from extensive plains dotted by inselbergs to deeply …

A review of sandstone weathering research, particularly in the past 100 years, reveals a
trajectory of enquiry from early description and classification of features, to development of …

Weathering of silicate minerals impacts many geological and ecological processes. For
example, the weathering of basalt contributes significantly to consumption of atmospheric …

Lichens and bryophytes may significantly affect global biogeochemical cycles by fixation of
nitrogen and biotic enhancement of surface weathering rates. Most of the studies suggesting …

The “perfect storm” metaphor describes the improbable coincidence of several different
forces or factors to produce an unusual outcome. The perfect landscape is conceptualized …

As well as their destructive roles, plants, animals and microorganisms contribute to
geomorphology and ecology via direct and indirect bioprotection, which can reduce …

Thermomechanical processes such as fatigue and shock have been suggested to cause
and contribute to rock breakdown on Earth, and on other planetary bodies, particularly …