To thrive in nutrient-poor waters, coral reefs must retain and recycle materials efficiently. This
review centers microbial processes in facilitating the persistence and stability of coral reefs …

Salt-affected soils contain high levels of soluble salts (saline soil) and exchangeable sodium
(alkali soil). Globally, about 932 million ha (Mha), including 831 Mha of agricultural land, is …

Microbial diversity has been extensively explored in reef-building corals. However, the
functional roles of coral-associated microorganisms remain poorly elucidated. Here, we …

Oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) account for about 30% of total oceanic fixed nitrogen loss via
processes including denitrification, a microbially mediated pathway proceeding stepwise …

Background The microbiota of multicellular organisms undergoes considerable changes
during host ontogeny but the general mechanisms that control community assembly and …

Heterotrophic denitrification enables facultative anaerobes to continue growing even when
limited by oxygen (O2) availability. Particles in particular provide physical matrices …

Background The importance of symbiosis has long been recognized on coral reefs, where
the photosynthetic dinoflagellates of corals (Symbiodiniaceae) are the primary symbiont …

By consuming ammonium and nitrite, anammox bacteria form an important functional guild
in nitrogen cycling in many environments, including marine sediments. However, their …

Ocean deoxygenation is intensifying globally due to human activities–and is emerging as a
grave threat to coral reef ecosystems where it can cause coral bleaching and mass mortality …

Background Marine holobionts depend on microbial members for health and nutrient
cycling. This is particularly evident in cnidarian-algae symbioses that facilitate energy and …