Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic
stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing …

Phytohormones are endogenously produced organic substances indispensable for
regulating plant growth and yield and also play major role in inducing tolerance to plants …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant
development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants …

Because of the need to provide food for the growing population, agricultural activity is faced
with the huge challenge of counteracting the negative effects generated by adverse …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed
maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and …

Plant responses to different stresses are highly complex and involve changes at the
transcriptome, cellular, and physiological levels. Recent evidence shows that plants respond …

Plant hormones have pivotal roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and
reproduction. Additionally, they emerged as cellular signal molecules with key functions in …

Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely governed by phytohormones.
The plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in the …

Plants can develop an enhanced defensive capacity in response to infection by arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This 'mycorrhiza-induced resistance'(MIR) provides systemic …